As the country moves towards reforms, is this the chance for the government to address the plight of the minorities?
Myanmar wants to end its global political and economic isolation but
international attention is also casting a spotlight on a bloody cycle of
ethnic violence.
"The government understands that this is a very important issue and that
internationally it has attracted a lot of attention … but the Arakanese
Buddhists are really on a rampage at the moment because they feel they
are misunderstood and that the growth of the Rohingya ... [is] pushing
them out of their own land."
The latest unrest in western Myanmar has displaced tens of thousands of people and left more than 80 dead. And the victims are blaming the government for failing to prevent it.
The island state is one of the most diverse countries in South East Asia
- a patchwork of more than a 100 different ethnicities - but its
economy has suffered through decades of military rule and international
sanctions.
Nevertheless, foreign investors are queuing up to get a foothold in the
country, formerly known as Burma - which has vast resources of every
sort and all ripe for investment.
It boasts substantial deposits of gas and oil, coal, gold, precious
stones, timber and is home to rich marine life to support fisheries.
The government is also planning to revive the rice trade and double
exports over the next five years after it was once known as the world’s
top rice exporter.
"I think these are long term problems that are going to be part of the
story of nation-building project for decades to come. It has been part
of the issue since the birth of the nation that you have, in many ways,
all the different communities competing for and arguing over what it is
to be part of this nation or what it is to be part of a separate type of
community."
- Maitrii Aung-Thwin, modern Southeast Asiana historian
While standing at the crossroads as it embraces sweeping change, it does remain criticised for political repression and racism.
The country’s population largely constitutes of:
The Bhuddhist Burmese people, who form the largest group and
historically lived in what were then Burma’s central and upper plains
Among the many other ethnic groups in Myanmar are the Shan, the Karen
and the Kachin, all of which have fought armed insurgencies against the
Burmese junta
And the Rohingya form one of Myanmar's smallest minorities - their harsh
treatment by the government has drawn international attention and
condemnation.
So, as Myanmar moves towards more reforms, is this the chance for the
government to address the plight of the minorities? And will reforms
help the nation’s minorities?
Inside Story, with presenter Teymoor Nabili, speaks to: Maitrii
Aung-Thwin,a historian of modern Southeast Asian history at the National
University of Singapore, and author of "A History of Myanmar since
Ancient Times"; Larry Jagan, a southeast Asia specialist and former BBC
World Service Asia editor; and Brian Joseph, the senior director for
Asia and Global programs at the National Endowment for Democracy and a
member of the Burma Donors' Forum.
MYANMAR'S ECONOMIC OUTLOOK:
Economists are predicting Myanmar could become the next economic
frontier in the region - but it needs to undo the effects of five
decades of military dictatorship that has made it Southeast Asia’s
poorest nation.
The Asia Development Bank predicts the country could have GDP growth of
6.3 per cent next year because of its vast reserves of natural wealth.
Myanmar's per capita gross domestic product is just $857 compared to that of neighbouring Thailand's $9,500.
The country ranks 149th out of 187 countries on the UN's Human
Development Index - that measures life expectancy, education and income.
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